Which parameter is critical for assessing microbial safety of drinking water?

The total coliform count is essential for assessing the microbial safety of drinking water because coliform bacteria, particularly fecal coliforms, are indicators of water contamination by fecal matter. These bacteria can signal the presence of pathogens that can cause serious health issues.

Monitoring the total coliform count allows water quality professionals to quickly evaluate whether water is safe for public consumption. High levels indicate potential contamination from human or animal waste, prompting further testing and remedial actions to ensure water safety.

In contrast, while pH levels, dissolved oxygen, and nitrogen levels are important for understanding the overall quality of water and its suitability for various uses, they do not serve as reliable indicators of microbial contamination. Thus, total coliform count stands out as the critical parameter for assessing the microbial safety of drinking water.